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Every ton of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steel starts with an electric arc — and every arc runs through a graphite electrode. There is no substitute, no workaround, and no EAF steelmaking without it. Yet the market behind this mission-critical consumable is under quiet strain: capacity has been shrinking outside China, new EAF projects keep adding demand, and the battery boom is now competing for the same raw material. In this session, we follow the journey from oil to arc and unpack what it means for supply security, pricing, and the future of low-carbon steel production. Whether you make steel, buy it, trade it, analyze it, or write about it — this is the session that explains what keeps the arc burning.