This paper explores experimental archaeology as performative translation system that fluidly connects archaeological evidence, hypothesis testing, and museum display. It is argued that experiments yield two complementary outcomes: (1) systematic scientific data that validate or invalidate reconstructive hypotheses, and (2) experiential, sensory expertise – a form of material familiarity – essential for translating prehistoric technologies into credible public narratives. Drawing on the ExArIS group projects, this study demonstrates how this cycle operates. Experimental work generated not only controlled measurements (such as the thermal efficiency of single-chambered structures or the fuel-to-temperature ratio in updraught firing) but also an accumulated empirical competence (e.g. understanding how clay responds to stress in both construction and ceramics, or how thermal regimes produce specific chromatic gradients on the kiln). This sensory competence became the primary tool during the “museification” phase. This process is exemplified through two installations, both preceded by outdoor field experiments: one built in the Museum of History in Piatra Neamț, Romania (2024) and the other in the National Székely Museum in Sfântu Gheorghe (2025). In this context, we do more than reconstruct models of ancient objects and structures – we also revive patterns of behaviour, crafting immersive experiences and sensations that bring the past closer. We combined authentic materials (clay, firewood), unfinished vessels and tournettes with concealed lighting, and used pigments and textures to simulate kiln scarring – “performing” much of the ceramic chaîne opératoire for visitors. The real materials are themselves performative, lending authenticity and introducing a degree of unpredictability. Ultimately, this approach transforms the experimenter’s tacit knowledge into a stage where the invisible labour, skills, and techniques of the past become tangible and comprehensible. The museum exhibit thus transitions from a sterile model to a mediated reality, bridging the gap between abstract archaeological data and the public’s sensory perception of prehistory.

First Author: Adina Amăriuței

Co-Authors: Maria Ciobanu, Analisa Foca, Pintilie Camelia, Bogdan-Ștefan Novac, Adrian Tencariu

Keywords:
Experimental archaeology
Sensorial expertise
Museum display
Performative translation
Ceramic pyrotechnology